While the downsides of irregular work hours – fatigue and missed time with loved ones – are readily apparent, new research sheds light on the more serious, long-term consequences for young adults. This study suggests that these non-standard schedules can negatively impact health well into midlife.
Previous studies have explored the link between irregular work hours and health issues, but this new research takes a “life-course” perspective. Instead of focusing on a single point in time, it examines how work patterns throughout young adulthood influence health outcomes later in life.
The study, published in PLOS ONE, defines a standard work schedule as one beginning at 6:00 am or later and ending by 6:00 pm. Evening schedules involve starting between 2:00 pm and midnight, while night shifts begin at 9:00 pm or later and end by 8:00 am. “Variable” schedules encompass split shifts, rotating shifts, and irregular hours.
The study’s author, Dr. Wen-Jui Han, Professor at New York University’s Silver School of Social Work, highlights a key finding: “About three-quarters of the work patterns we observed deviated from a stable, daytime schedule throughout participants’ working years.” This has significant repercussions, according to Dr. Han. “People with any volatility or variability in their work schedules were more likely to report less sleep, lower sleep quality, poorer physical and mental function, and a higher prevalence of poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50, compared to those with stable, standard work schedules.” The study also investigated how these associations varied based on social factors like race, ethnicity, gender, and education level.
While the study establishes a link between non-standard work schedules and health issues, it cannot definitively prove causation. Experts point out that pre-existing health risk factors could make it harder to find stable work and also increase the likelihood of developing health problems.
However, these findings add to a growing body of evidence. Dr. Leana Wen, CNN wellness contributor, emphasizes that “a person’s health outcomes are shaped by numerous factors, including their work. The type of work a person does determines their daily routines, income, and access to resources.” Non-standard schedules can disrupt healthy habits like sleep, regular meals, and quality time with loved ones, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Financial instability associated with some non-standard work can further exacerbate these issues.
Dr. Christian Benedict, a sleep researcher, cautions that the findings may not be universally applicable. “The study doesn’t account for individual sleep-wake cycles. Working late nights may be better suited for night owls than early risers.”
Strategies to Mitigate the Risks
While changing jobs or schedules may not be an option for everyone, there are steps you can take to lessen the harm caused by non-standard work. Dr. Xiaoxi Yao, a professor of health services research, recommends focusing on healthy habits like diet, exercise, relaxation, and social connection. Maintaining a routine or schedule, even around a non-standard shift, can make it easier to incorporate these health-promoting activities, particularly sleep. Optimizing your sleep environment by ensuring darkness, coolness, and respecting your sleep schedule from others can also be helpful. Research suggests that avoiding late-night meals can counteract the negative health effects of shift work. Finally, schedule regular checkups with your doctor and seek professional guidance for any persistent health concerns.
By incorporating these strategies, individuals can take a proactive approach to mitigating the negative effects of non-standard work schedules and promote overall well-being despite the limitations imposed by their employment
